Etienne-Louis Boullée
Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) was a visionary French architect whose ideas were ahead of his time, largely influencing modern architecture and the neoclassical movement. Despite few of his designs being built, Boullée’s architectural drawings showcased his preference for grandiose structures and geometric simplicity, emphasizing order and symmetry which reflected Enlightenment ideals. His most famous theoretical design, the Cenotaph for Newton, epitomizes his visionary approach with a massive spherical monument dedicated to the scientist Isaac Newton. Boullée’s work, largely academic and theoretical, aimed to evoke emotional response through monumental scale and dramatic use of light and shadow, elements that foreshadowed modernist architectural principles.